Responsibility to adhere to law
A Ranger's responsibility is not to care for themselves, but for the sanctity and sovereignty of those around him. And to serve in the best interests of the People. The Rangers' job is to safeguard the well-being and rights of each and every citizen under our care. And not to abuse trust or power.
|
Responsibility to execute the law
Regardless of our stature as purveyors of rule and enforcers of the law, we maintain the responsibility to guard the safety, rights and property of the populace. Under local, state, and federal jurisdiction, no matter the setting, we follow a universal rule:
"You protect the law. You are never above it." |
Responsibility to follow the law
And above else, the system can only succeed if the intended demographic choose to follow it. It is the responsibility and obligation of people to look out for their own best interests.
"Patriotism is loving your country all the time, and your government when they deserve it." -Mark Twain |
On this page, the drafts and official laws and documents pertaining to the Rangers will be posted. These laws apply to the innocent populace, the Five Frontier States, and is inclusive of the armada of the Rangers. Labeled in order as "Mandated Laws and Regulation" or a "Provisional Order", these documents will be relevant in the circumstances where they present themselves, and will be called upon in scenario based upon there application and the situation in which all bulletins are confirmed and are presented with evidences or a case otherwise. These drafts can be repealed or redacted for edit based upon a vote cast by the members involved in the vote.
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
Constitution of Commonwealth of West Elizabeth's Mounted Rangers Preamble
Here it shall be known that on this date, the 3rd of December of the year 2018; shall we create and establish a professional armed force of the people vested with the preservation of peace for the people of this land. It is on this date shall we create this force, to be known locally as “The Blackwater Rangers”. This Constitution shall serve as the governing document of the Blackwater Rangers, and shall not be amended without the consent of the Colonel and both Majors. The rules set here are to be adhered to, or shall an offending party meet an appropriate consequence.
Here it shall be known that on this date, the 3rd of December of the year 2018; shall we create and establish a professional armed force of the people vested with the preservation of peace for the people of this land. It is on this date shall we create this force, to be known locally as “The Blackwater Rangers”. This Constitution shall serve as the governing document of the Blackwater Rangers, and shall not be amended without the consent of the Colonel and both Majors. The rules set here are to be adhered to, or shall an offending party meet an appropriate consequence.
Article I: Bill of Rights
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without discrimination of any kind, such as race, color, sex, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin. Furthermore, no discrimination shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or nationality to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Section I:
Protection of Persons & Property
All Rangers, using the fullest extent of their powers, are to defend the Constitution, the rights it provides to all members of the innocent populace and the innocent populace itself regardless of circumstance. In addition, Rangers are also responsible for the prevention of violence and crime, as well as to provide contribution to subdue and suppress the wildlands of the Five Frontier States. Rangers are to uphold proper rules of engagement at all times. All Rangers & members of the innocent populace are to be treated equally and fairly under the laws in this Constitution and without exception, regardless of rank, location, social status, or any other traits or factors they may have.
Section II:
Removal of Persons
In the event a Ranger is accused of a crime, they are not entitled to trial. Evidence will be presented, a vote amongst command staff shall be presented and will be carried out in which it shall be the duty of the Colonel, Majors, and other command staff members to elect a formidable punishment for any case up determined worthy of punishment. If the case is still not resolved and closed, the Colonel will ultimately determine the outcome of the case, and it will immediately be settle once his decision is made.
Section III:
Assembly of Men
All prospective Rangers are required to undertake training events lasting up to three days. Training consists of important skills that every Ranger requires in order to properly perform their respective functions. Every Ranger is also required to understand, adapt to and perform any role that is assigned to him/her, this includes understanding every aspect of warfare, judicial and frontiering skills.
Section IV:
Official Capacity & Discipline
All Rangers are to maintain a disciplined and professional state of mind whenever official capacity is called by a superior ranking member for organization activities and events. Rangers are to be respectful, polite and professional at all times whenever in official capacity. Rangers are not to harm, mistreat or abuse members of the innocent populace, allied groups and other Rangers.
Section V:
Equipment
All Rangers are to purchase and utilize designated weapons, uniforms & other items that are required by their respective officer and branch. Such aforementioned equipment shall not be restricted or required for use unless directly in official capacity.
Section VI:
Member Assistance
All Rangers are required to select a partner to assist them in any official matter. This requirement extends to all forms of duties, regardless of circumstance or the matter of which their duties.
Section VII:
Arrest of Problem Individuals & Fair Treatment
All judicial agents of the Rangers are required to detain and arrest any Ranger, or member of the populace should they have committed a serious misdeed. Regardless of innocence, no Ranger is to resist arrest and no Ranger is to unlawfully arrest or abuse other Rangers or members of the innocent populace. After a judicial agent has arrested any wrongdoer, they are to not harm or mistreat the prisoner but are authorized to defend themselves and others under any circumstance. Furthermore, no Ranger may not detain or arrest any persons without probable cause. All Rangers & members of the populace shall remain innocent, and may not receive punishment until the prosecutor provides legitimate evidence for punishment.
Section VIII:
Admittance
Prospects shall be admitted into the Rangers regardless of their nationality or location, given that they are the minimum age of sixteen years, speak the English language fluently, passed requirements determined by command staff and completed the necessary training requirements.
Section IX:
Seating & Tasks
At every camp establishment, Rangers are given respective seating and tasks. If a meeting or calling is announced at the Camp Table, the Colonel shall be seated in the middle, with each Major seated to his left and right, and all other members remain facing front of the Colonel at all times. At Camp, Outpost or other location, every Ranger shall also be assigned and required to complete necessary tasks as designated by a respective higher-ranking members, this includes but is not limited to; horse care, food foraging, guard duty, patrols, training, etc
Section X:
Equality & Denial
All Rangers have the right to voice their opinion anywhere except for in limited activities such as a gunfight, and when strict communications are in effect. Additionally, all Rangers are entitled to operating in an environment where everyone is treated fairly, without discrimination, and freely with their granted rights. Furthermore, any Ranger which receives an order that is unlawful or unconstitutional may disregard that order at their own will in the event that the right to disregard an order that is issued.
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without discrimination of any kind, such as race, color, sex, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin. Furthermore, no discrimination shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or nationality to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Section I:
Protection of Persons & Property
All Rangers, using the fullest extent of their powers, are to defend the Constitution, the rights it provides to all members of the innocent populace and the innocent populace itself regardless of circumstance. In addition, Rangers are also responsible for the prevention of violence and crime, as well as to provide contribution to subdue and suppress the wildlands of the Five Frontier States. Rangers are to uphold proper rules of engagement at all times. All Rangers & members of the innocent populace are to be treated equally and fairly under the laws in this Constitution and without exception, regardless of rank, location, social status, or any other traits or factors they may have.
Section II:
Removal of Persons
In the event a Ranger is accused of a crime, they are not entitled to trial. Evidence will be presented, a vote amongst command staff shall be presented and will be carried out in which it shall be the duty of the Colonel, Majors, and other command staff members to elect a formidable punishment for any case up determined worthy of punishment. If the case is still not resolved and closed, the Colonel will ultimately determine the outcome of the case, and it will immediately be settle once his decision is made.
Section III:
Assembly of Men
All prospective Rangers are required to undertake training events lasting up to three days. Training consists of important skills that every Ranger requires in order to properly perform their respective functions. Every Ranger is also required to understand, adapt to and perform any role that is assigned to him/her, this includes understanding every aspect of warfare, judicial and frontiering skills.
Section IV:
Official Capacity & Discipline
All Rangers are to maintain a disciplined and professional state of mind whenever official capacity is called by a superior ranking member for organization activities and events. Rangers are to be respectful, polite and professional at all times whenever in official capacity. Rangers are not to harm, mistreat or abuse members of the innocent populace, allied groups and other Rangers.
Section V:
Equipment
All Rangers are to purchase and utilize designated weapons, uniforms & other items that are required by their respective officer and branch. Such aforementioned equipment shall not be restricted or required for use unless directly in official capacity.
Section VI:
Member Assistance
All Rangers are required to select a partner to assist them in any official matter. This requirement extends to all forms of duties, regardless of circumstance or the matter of which their duties.
Section VII:
Arrest of Problem Individuals & Fair Treatment
All judicial agents of the Rangers are required to detain and arrest any Ranger, or member of the populace should they have committed a serious misdeed. Regardless of innocence, no Ranger is to resist arrest and no Ranger is to unlawfully arrest or abuse other Rangers or members of the innocent populace. After a judicial agent has arrested any wrongdoer, they are to not harm or mistreat the prisoner but are authorized to defend themselves and others under any circumstance. Furthermore, no Ranger may not detain or arrest any persons without probable cause. All Rangers & members of the populace shall remain innocent, and may not receive punishment until the prosecutor provides legitimate evidence for punishment.
Section VIII:
Admittance
Prospects shall be admitted into the Rangers regardless of their nationality or location, given that they are the minimum age of sixteen years, speak the English language fluently, passed requirements determined by command staff and completed the necessary training requirements.
Section IX:
Seating & Tasks
At every camp establishment, Rangers are given respective seating and tasks. If a meeting or calling is announced at the Camp Table, the Colonel shall be seated in the middle, with each Major seated to his left and right, and all other members remain facing front of the Colonel at all times. At Camp, Outpost or other location, every Ranger shall also be assigned and required to complete necessary tasks as designated by a respective higher-ranking members, this includes but is not limited to; horse care, food foraging, guard duty, patrols, training, etc
Section X:
Equality & Denial
All Rangers have the right to voice their opinion anywhere except for in limited activities such as a gunfight, and when strict communications are in effect. Additionally, all Rangers are entitled to operating in an environment where everyone is treated fairly, without discrimination, and freely with their granted rights. Furthermore, any Ranger which receives an order that is unlawful or unconstitutional may disregard that order at their own will in the event that the right to disregard an order that is issued.
PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY ORDER NUMBER 17
All members of the Rangers shall not be subject to any laws or regulations in matters relating to the terms and conditions of their contracts, operations, including licensing and registering employees, businesses and corporations; provided, however, they shall comply with such applicable licensing and registration laws and regulations if engaging in business or transactions in other than Operations and Contracts. Notwithstanding any provisions of this order, the Rangers and their employees operating must still comply with all rules, regulations, and any implementing instructions or regulations governing the existence and activities of the Rangers, including registration and licensing of weapons and firearms.
STATUS OF THE RANGERS, FOREIGN LIAISON MISSIONS, THEIR PERSONNEL AND CONTRACTORS
Recalling that under international law occupying powers, including their forces, personnel, property and equipment, funds and assets, are not subject to the laws or jurisdiction of any organization outside of the coalition.
Any Ranger Official and their members are permitted to self-defence and offensive procedures under authorized order in the event of any attack, verbal or physical threat or emergency.
Conscious that states are contributing personnel, equipment and other resources to the Rangers in order to contribute to the security and stability that will enable the relief, recovery and development of West Elizabeth.
The Rangers have the right to seize and arrest any official that commits corruption, crimes, or does not strictly follow laws regulated by the United States Government.
Laws placed by the United States on another organization is to be exacted only if the said organization has committed crimes against or is corrupt.
Noting that organzations are sending Foreign Liaison Mission Personnel to work with other organizations and groups, conscious of the need to establish and confirm the status of such alliance and Foreign Liaison Mission Personnel in respect of the courts, I hereby promulgate the following:
Section 1
Definitions
1) "Government Personnel" means all military and contracting personnel assigned to or under the command of an official within the United States Government, or all forces employed by the United States Government including attached civilians, as well as all non-military and civilian personnel assigned to, under the direction or control of a high ranking officer.
2) "Foreign Liaison Mission Personnel" means those individuals who have been issued Foreign Liaison Mission personnel identification by the United States Government under the supervision of high ranking officers.
3) "Legal Process" means any arrest, detention or legal proceedings in the courts or other bodies, whether criminal, civil, administrative or other in nature.
4) "Parent Organization" means the organization providing Government Personnel as part of the Organization providing Mission Personnel.
5) "Government Contractors" means business entities or individuals not normally resident within the area of operations supplying goods and/or services to or on behalf of the Government Forces or under contractual arrangements.
6) "Government sub-contractors" means business entities or individuals not
normally resident in supplying goods and/or services to or on behalf of government contractors and in respect of Government or activities under contractual arrangements.
Section 2
Government and Foreign Liaison Mission Personnel
1) All designated Government (to include the Rangers) personnel, their property, funds and assets shall be immune from Legal Process.
2) All Government (including the Rangers'), personnel and Foreign Liaison Mission personnel shall respect the laws applicable to those personnel and Foreign Liaison Mission personnel in a certain territory and the Regulations, Orders, and Public Notices issued by the leaders of the United States Government.
3) Foreign Liaison Mission personnel shall be immune from Legal Process.
4) All designated Government personnel shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their Parent Organizations and, they shall be immune from local criminal, civil, and administrative jurisdiction and from any form of arrest or detention other than by persons acting on behalf of their Parent Organizations, except that nothing in this provision shall prevent Government Forces personnel from preventing acts of serious misconduct by Government personnel, or otherwise temporarily detaining Government personnel who pose a risk of injury to themselves or others, pending expeditious turnover to the appropriate authorities of the Parent Organization. In all such circumstances the national contingent commander of the detained person shall be notified immediately.
5) In respect of those designated Government personnel who commit an act or acts for which there are no criminal sanctions in the Parent Organization, officers may request from the Parent Organization waiver of jurisdiction to try such act or acts under any law. In such cases, no Legal Process shall be commenced without the written permission of the leaders of the United States Government.
Section 3
Contractors
I) Government contractors and their sub-contractors as well as their employees, shall not be subject to laws or regulations in matters relating to the terms and conditions of their contracts in relation to the Government Forces or the entirety of the United States Government. Independent contractors and sub-contractors other than Government contractors and sub-contractors shall not be subject to laws or regulations with respect to licensing and registration of employees, businesses and corporations in relation to such contracts.
2) Government contractors and their sub-contractors shall be immune from Legal Process with respect to acts performed by them within their official activities pursuant to the terms and conditions of a contract between a contractor, Goverment Forces and any sub-contract thereto.
3) In respect of acts or missions of Government contractors and sub-contractors as well as their employees, which are not performed by them in the course of their official activities pursuant to the terms and conditions of a contract between them and the Government Legal Process shall be commenced without the written permission of the leaders of the United States Government.
Section 4
Duration of Immunity From Legal Process
The immunity from Legal Process provided by the present Order to designated Government personnel and Foreign Liaison Mission personnel as well as Government contractors, sub-contractors and their employees operates only in respect to acts or missions by them during the period of authority of respective leaders.
Section 5
Waiver of Legal Immunity and Jurisdiction
1) The immunity from Legal Process of designated Government personnel, Foreign Liaison Mission personnel, Government contractors and their sub-contractors as well as their employees is not for the benefit of the individuals concerned and may be waived by the Parent Organization.
2) Requests to waive jurisdiction over designated Government personnel or Foreign Liaison Mission personnel shall be referred to the respective Parent Organizations.
3) Requests to waive the immunities with respect to Government contractors and subcontractors and their employees set forth in Section 3 of this Order shall be referred to the respective Parent Organization with which the contractor has contracted.
Section 6
Claims
1) Third party claims including those for property loss or damage and for personal injury, illness or death or in respect of any other matter arising from or attributed to designated Government personnel or any persons employed by them that do not arise in connection with military combat operations, shall be submitted and dealt with by the Parent Organization whose designated Government personnel, property, activities or other assets are alleged to have caused the claimed damage, in a manner consistent with the national laws of the Parent Organization.
2) Third party claims for property loss or damage and for personal injury, illness or death or in respect of any other matter arising from or attributed to Foreign Liaison Mission personnel shall be submitted and dealt with by the Parent Organization whose Foreign Liaison Mission personnel, property, activities or other assets are alleged to have caused the claimed damage, in a manner consistent with the national laws of the Parent Organization.
Section 7
Entry Into Force
This Order shall enter into force on the date of signature.
October 26th 1889 on order of the West Elizabeth and United States Government
STATUS OF THE RANGERS, FOREIGN LIAISON MISSIONS, THEIR PERSONNEL AND CONTRACTORS
Recalling that under international law occupying powers, including their forces, personnel, property and equipment, funds and assets, are not subject to the laws or jurisdiction of any organization outside of the coalition.
Any Ranger Official and their members are permitted to self-defence and offensive procedures under authorized order in the event of any attack, verbal or physical threat or emergency.
Conscious that states are contributing personnel, equipment and other resources to the Rangers in order to contribute to the security and stability that will enable the relief, recovery and development of West Elizabeth.
The Rangers have the right to seize and arrest any official that commits corruption, crimes, or does not strictly follow laws regulated by the United States Government.
Laws placed by the United States on another organization is to be exacted only if the said organization has committed crimes against or is corrupt.
Noting that organzations are sending Foreign Liaison Mission Personnel to work with other organizations and groups, conscious of the need to establish and confirm the status of such alliance and Foreign Liaison Mission Personnel in respect of the courts, I hereby promulgate the following:
Section 1
Definitions
1) "Government Personnel" means all military and contracting personnel assigned to or under the command of an official within the United States Government, or all forces employed by the United States Government including attached civilians, as well as all non-military and civilian personnel assigned to, under the direction or control of a high ranking officer.
2) "Foreign Liaison Mission Personnel" means those individuals who have been issued Foreign Liaison Mission personnel identification by the United States Government under the supervision of high ranking officers.
3) "Legal Process" means any arrest, detention or legal proceedings in the courts or other bodies, whether criminal, civil, administrative or other in nature.
4) "Parent Organization" means the organization providing Government Personnel as part of the Organization providing Mission Personnel.
5) "Government Contractors" means business entities or individuals not normally resident within the area of operations supplying goods and/or services to or on behalf of the Government Forces or under contractual arrangements.
6) "Government sub-contractors" means business entities or individuals not
normally resident in supplying goods and/or services to or on behalf of government contractors and in respect of Government or activities under contractual arrangements.
Section 2
Government and Foreign Liaison Mission Personnel
1) All designated Government (to include the Rangers) personnel, their property, funds and assets shall be immune from Legal Process.
2) All Government (including the Rangers'), personnel and Foreign Liaison Mission personnel shall respect the laws applicable to those personnel and Foreign Liaison Mission personnel in a certain territory and the Regulations, Orders, and Public Notices issued by the leaders of the United States Government.
3) Foreign Liaison Mission personnel shall be immune from Legal Process.
4) All designated Government personnel shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their Parent Organizations and, they shall be immune from local criminal, civil, and administrative jurisdiction and from any form of arrest or detention other than by persons acting on behalf of their Parent Organizations, except that nothing in this provision shall prevent Government Forces personnel from preventing acts of serious misconduct by Government personnel, or otherwise temporarily detaining Government personnel who pose a risk of injury to themselves or others, pending expeditious turnover to the appropriate authorities of the Parent Organization. In all such circumstances the national contingent commander of the detained person shall be notified immediately.
5) In respect of those designated Government personnel who commit an act or acts for which there are no criminal sanctions in the Parent Organization, officers may request from the Parent Organization waiver of jurisdiction to try such act or acts under any law. In such cases, no Legal Process shall be commenced without the written permission of the leaders of the United States Government.
Section 3
Contractors
I) Government contractors and their sub-contractors as well as their employees, shall not be subject to laws or regulations in matters relating to the terms and conditions of their contracts in relation to the Government Forces or the entirety of the United States Government. Independent contractors and sub-contractors other than Government contractors and sub-contractors shall not be subject to laws or regulations with respect to licensing and registration of employees, businesses and corporations in relation to such contracts.
2) Government contractors and their sub-contractors shall be immune from Legal Process with respect to acts performed by them within their official activities pursuant to the terms and conditions of a contract between a contractor, Goverment Forces and any sub-contract thereto.
3) In respect of acts or missions of Government contractors and sub-contractors as well as their employees, which are not performed by them in the course of their official activities pursuant to the terms and conditions of a contract between them and the Government Legal Process shall be commenced without the written permission of the leaders of the United States Government.
Section 4
Duration of Immunity From Legal Process
The immunity from Legal Process provided by the present Order to designated Government personnel and Foreign Liaison Mission personnel as well as Government contractors, sub-contractors and their employees operates only in respect to acts or missions by them during the period of authority of respective leaders.
Section 5
Waiver of Legal Immunity and Jurisdiction
1) The immunity from Legal Process of designated Government personnel, Foreign Liaison Mission personnel, Government contractors and their sub-contractors as well as their employees is not for the benefit of the individuals concerned and may be waived by the Parent Organization.
2) Requests to waive jurisdiction over designated Government personnel or Foreign Liaison Mission personnel shall be referred to the respective Parent Organizations.
3) Requests to waive the immunities with respect to Government contractors and subcontractors and their employees set forth in Section 3 of this Order shall be referred to the respective Parent Organization with which the contractor has contracted.
Section 6
Claims
1) Third party claims including those for property loss or damage and for personal injury, illness or death or in respect of any other matter arising from or attributed to designated Government personnel or any persons employed by them that do not arise in connection with military combat operations, shall be submitted and dealt with by the Parent Organization whose designated Government personnel, property, activities or other assets are alleged to have caused the claimed damage, in a manner consistent with the national laws of the Parent Organization.
2) Third party claims for property loss or damage and for personal injury, illness or death or in respect of any other matter arising from or attributed to Foreign Liaison Mission personnel shall be submitted and dealt with by the Parent Organization whose Foreign Liaison Mission personnel, property, activities or other assets are alleged to have caused the claimed damage, in a manner consistent with the national laws of the Parent Organization.
Section 7
Entry Into Force
This Order shall enter into force on the date of signature.
October 26th 1889 on order of the West Elizabeth and United States Government
GRANTED HUMAN RIGHTS
Preamble
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,
Whereas the peoples of the innocent populace have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United States Government, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
Now, therefore the UNITED STATES proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
Article 1.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2.
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5.
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6.
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
Article 7.
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8.
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
Article 9.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10.
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
Article 11.
(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
Article 12.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
Article 14.
(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United States Government.
Article 15.
(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
Article 16.
(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 17.
(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Article 18.
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Article 19.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 20.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Article 21.
(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Article 22.
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
Article 23.
(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
Article 24.
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
Article 25.
(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
Article 26.
(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities for the maintenance of peace.
(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
Article 27.
(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
Article 28.
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29.
(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United States.
Article 30.
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,
Whereas the peoples of the innocent populace have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United States Government, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
Now, therefore the UNITED STATES proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
Article 1.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2.
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5.
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6.
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
Article 7.
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8.
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
Article 9.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10.
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
Article 11.
(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
Article 12.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
Article 14.
(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United States Government.
Article 15.
(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
Article 16.
(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 17.
(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Article 18.
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Article 19.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 20.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Article 21.
(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Article 22.
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
Article 23.
(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
Article 24.
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
Article 25.
(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
Article 26.
(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities for the maintenance of peace.
(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
Article 27.
(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
Article 28.
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29.
(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United States.
Article 30.
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.